I recently came across this post from Nokia’s Arto  Joensuu titled Conversations are the New Conversion. In the accompanying SlideShare presentation, he makes the case that the traditional sales funnel is no longer linear and controllable. Consumers are now are in control and make their own journey through the “inverted funnel.” This puts new demands on marketers, as the traditional one-way forms of communication increasingly struggle to attract consumer attention. Arto’s presentation says that they have found that ~30% of engagements are generated from paid media, while the rest is generated through owned and earned media. This is why he argues that Social Media Optimization combined with SEO is critical. I couldn’t agree more. Whether you call it Social Media Optimization or Earned Media Optimization (which is the phrase we prefer), the basic message is the same: if you think that the media you own and the one you pay for is all you need to leverage in your marketing campaigns, then you’re missing a massive opportunity.

So what exactly is earned media? Earned media happens any time a brand or a product is mentioned or discussed in a place outside of a brand’s direct control. It can be anything from a positive review in the New York Times, to your best friend sending you a note via Facebook to check out this cool new product. Essentially, earned media is any media generated that you didn’t pay for directly, and if it is an endorsement or a recommendation by someone trusted, it can make all the difference. Conversely, one single bad review can be the ultimate deterrent, and ruin all well-laid marketing plans.

Now, it is important to note that while earned media occurs outside of a brand’s direct control, it does not mean that a brand cannot influence the process, or be part of the conversation. For one thing, PR has been – and still is – a proven tool for influencing influencers. And influence still matters today, even if the field of influence has fragmented and mutated into something many communicators are grappling with understanding. But crucially, it puts the onus on marketers and communicators to really understand not only what their target customers and their spheres of influence really care about, but how and where they talk about it. Because if you cannot communicate your message in a way that resonates with your intended target, they can skip it in an easy click.

And that is why the word “earned” is very apt. In an attention-deficit economy, it is harder and harder to earn the interest, attention, engagement, and ultimately, the trust of your customer. Therefore we think that it is critical for marketers to understand and optimize the impact earned media has on their brands. As Peter Drucker famously said, “if you cannot measure it, you cannot control it.” But understanding and optimizing earned media goes far beyond just measurement. As SEO and SEM pros will tell you, optimization means integrating analytics deeply into your planning process (and that planning process has to be actively managed and revisited). And it means going beyond “out-of-the-box” data. Data only becomes truly valuable when you apply the business context to it that makes it actionable to decision-makers. We’ll be posting more on Earned Media Optimization over the next few months, so stay tuned.

Here are some of the key findings:

• Overall, we found that how often a company appeared in the press accounted for over a quarter of the brand value among Interbrand’s 100 most valuable brands.

• The relationship between media prominence and brand value depends on “product involvement” – i.e., the degree to which customers research a given product or solution prior to purchase. Media prominence was more associated with brand value for “high involvement” products compared to “low involvement” products. Media prominence was a particularly important component of brand value for computer-related industries, such as software and hardware manufacturers, as well as computer and Internet service companies, accounting for 48 percent of differences between companies’ brand values.
• Advertising expenditures, however, predicted brand value only for “low involvement” products, and accounted for very little brand value among “high involvement” products.
• These results suggest that the more complex a product is to a buyer, the more likely they are to research the product category and to look for information that they can trust. Much has been said of the increasing power of word-of-mouth and distrust in advertising in the past few years. If unpaid media placement, as opposed to paid media (or advertising), is more credible to buyers, then it too should play a key role in building brand value for high involvement brands.

Perhaps the most important take away message from this study is that, regardless of the direction of causation, a sizable amount of brand value, particularly for high involvement industries, is tied into media coverage.  So, even if one interprets this study as showing that high brand value leads to more media coverage, it is still important for media coverage to be carefully managed since it is the window through which others will see your brand.